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Citizenship Guide

Naturalization: an overview

In short

In short: Lawful permanent residents (green card holders) usually become U.S. citizens through naturalization. You file Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), attend a biometrics appointment, pass an interview that includes English and civics tests, and then take the Oath of Allegiance at a ceremony. Your situation can change which rules apply, so always confirm the details on uscis.gov.

Last reviewed: . Written and checked against official sources by ChowChow Labs, an independent study website. This is general information, not legal or immigration advice.

Next step

Go to the official source for current rules, forms and fees.

Read about Form N-400 on uscis.gov (opens in a new tab)

The steps, from start to finish

  1. Check eligibility. See who can apply.
  2. File Form N-400. Most people can file online with a USCIS account, or by mail. Include the fee and the documents the instructions ask for.
  3. Biometrics. USCIS may schedule an appointment to take your fingerprints, photo and signature for background checks.
  4. Interview. A USCIS officer reviews your application under oath and gives the English and civics tests.
  5. Decision. You receive a written decision. If you fail a test, you get a second chance on the part you failed.
  6. Oath ceremony. You become a citizen when you take the Oath of Allegiance and receive your Certificate of Naturalization.

Fees, forms and processing times change. Check the current fee and the form edition on uscis.gov/n-400 before you file.

What citizenship gives you

  • The right to vote in federal elections and to run for most elected offices.
  • A U.S. passport and protection from U.S. embassies abroad.
  • The ability to sponsor more family members.
  • Citizenship for many of your children under 18 who are permanent residents and live with you.
  • Responsibilities too, such as serving on a jury when called.

Common questions

Is this app connected to USCIS?

No. This is an independent study app made by ChowChow Labs. For official information, use uscis.gov.

How long does naturalization take?

It varies by field office. USCIS publishes current processing times on its website.

Practice for the civics test

Try free timed mock exams, practice the interview out loud, or study by topic with questions and answers.

Take a free mock examFree practice questions

Official sources

Links open the official U.S. government pages.

US Citizenship Test Prep is an independent educational resource made by ChowChow Labs. It is not affiliated with or endorsed by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) or any U.S. government agency. Official rules can change: always confirm details on uscis.gov. For questions about your own case, contact USCIS or a licensed immigration attorney or DOJ-accredited representative.